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Infekční mastitidy skotu a jejich současná problematika
Pavezová, Natálie
The topic of the bachelor thesis is infectious mastitis of cattle and their current problems. The anatomy of the mammary gland itself, classification of mastitis, selected pathogens causing infectious mastitis and their prevention and treatment are described. Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, currently represents one of the greatest risks to dairy cattle producers. It is a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry as milk quality is poor and production is reduced. The disease is influenced by many factors, both environmental factors, which are mainly caused by the environment such as dirty bedding, and infectious factors, where the infection occurs mainly in the parlour. The result of this work is therefore a review of significant infectious mastitis, both in terms of prevention, treatment and control. It is most important to focus on the prevention of this disease, as it is better than treatment alone, which can have fatal consequences.
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Produkce cytokinů v průběhu mastitid skotu
Tylčová, Natálie
The aim of this work was to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory IL-10. The experiment included 20 dairy cows at different stages of mastitis, which came from the Nová Ves agricultural cooperative. 80 samples were totaly taken, from all quarters, from each dairy cow, which were divided into three groups. The first group represented healthy dairy cows, without clinical signs of mastitis, with a somatic cell count of up to 100 000, from 5 dairy cows, that is 20 milk samples. The second group consisted of dairy cows with clinical signs of mastitis and somatic cell counts up to 400 000, from 10 cows, that is 40 milk samples. The third group consisted of dairy cows with somatic cell counts of more than 1 000 000, from 5 cows, that is 20 milk samples. These samples were processed in the laboratory of the Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics at Mendel University in Brno. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-10 was detected by ELISA. The average concentration of TNF-α in the first group was 138.70 pg/ml, in the second group 133.60 pg/ml, in the third group 95.05 pg/ml. The average concentration of IL-10 in the first group was 9.52 pg/ml, in the second group 11.03 pg/ml, in the third group 8.66 pg/ml.
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Zhodnocení výskytu environmentálních mastitid ve vybraném chovu dojného skotu
BÍLÝ, David
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of environmental mastitis and the economic impact of mastitis in a selected dairy cattle farm for the period 2019-2022. A total of 596 cases of mastitis were diagnosed, of which 78% were environmental mastitis. While the number of cases of contagious mastitis decreased over the period under review (from 36 % to 6 %), the number of environmental mastitis cases followed the opposite trend. The economic cost per dairy cow ranged from CZK 2 134 to CZK 4 527. The largest item was the loss of milk from treated dairy cows.
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Imunogenetické principy reakce mléčné žlázy na patogeny u skotu
Benešová, Magdalena
Bovine mastitis is the most common bovine disease. IR genes (Immune response genes) are used to resist the immune response. The aim of this work is to describe these genes and their role in immune responses. The complexity of immune responses and resistant polygenic features make it difficult to understand all future comers in the mammary gland. The immune responses describe the components of cellular and humoral immunity that are involved in the defense of the mammary gland. Identification of genomic variants associated with resistance is still trying to find and identify other genes that affect mastitis. Whole genome association studies (GWAS), which use SNP fields, are a valuable tool in these studies. This method uses the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of individuals. Thanks to GWAS several candidate genes for bovine mastitis resistance have already been identified.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of mastitis using on-farm cultivation
KRATOCHVÍL, Martin
Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases of dairy cattle and their treatment is also the most common cause of antibiotic use on a farm. Farm cultivation is currently one of the ways to improve the decision-making process in the treatment of mastitis. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the treatment procedures using farm cultivation and to make an economic evaluation of mastitis on a selected farm of dairy cattle.The experimental observation of a herd of dairy black-spotted Holstein cattle to assess the treatment of mastitis took place in two monitoring periods: without farm cultivation (BFK); with farm cultivation (SFK). A significant difference in the number of cured cases and cases of reinfections was found between the observed periods. While 60.6% of mastitis cases were cured during the BFK period and 30.4% of cases were reinfected, in the SFK period 87.1% of dairy cows were healed and only 12.9% of them were reinfected. The total financial costs associated with mastitis were almost the same in both periods. The highest item was milk losses. It can be positively assessed that the involvement of farm cultivation did not significantly increase the costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. The introduction of a farm cultivation system into an antimastitis program had a very positive effect on the effectiveness of the treatment performed on the monitored farm. The main benefit was a significant reduction in the number of reinfections and an increase in the number of successfully cured dairy cows, while maintaining almost the same treatment costs.
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Somatické buňky v mléce a jejich vliv na technologické vlastnosti mléka
Lovasová, Renáta
This bachelor thesis is focused on somatic cells and their effect on processing of dairy products. Somatic cells are indicators of healthy mammary gland. This thesis describes origin, type of somatic cells and components, that effects their quantity. Somatic cells are basic elements in diagnostics of some diseases, primarily diagnostics of mastitis and metabolic disorders. Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland and it´s the most frequent and the most significant disease of mammary gland. Somatic cells are indicators of state of health of metabolic disorders, primarily acidosis, alkalosis and ketosis. These diseases induce deterioration of milk and changes in it´s composition. This cause worse processability of milk for dairy products.
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Role apoptózy a nekrózy makrofágů mléčné žlázy skotu
Klimešová, Monika
This bachelor thesis is aimed to the role of apoptosis and necrosis of bovine mamma-ry gland macrophages provides an overview of macrophages that are part of nonspecific immunity. It describes their development from pluripotent bone marrow cells via monocytes to macrophages and their importance in the bovine mammary gland, which inc-ludes the phagocytosis of microorganisms and dead cells, the production of cytokines, and the stimulation of cells that regulate inflammatory responses. In the next part the bachelor thesis is focused on individual types of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). They describe their structural, biochemical and genetic features and subsequent events that take place after cell death, ie. the removal of dead cells from the organism. The effects of cell death on the surrounding tissue are also of no signifi-cance. At the end of the work are summarized the basic differences between apoptosis and necrosis and their roles during the inflammation of the bovine mammary gland.
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Sledování mastitidních patogenů u vybrané skupiny dojnic
Klimešová, Monika
Diploma thesis „Monitoring of mastitis pathogens in selected group of dairy cows“ gives an overview and basic information about pathogens occurring in dairy cows Holstein breed AGRAS Bohdalov a.s. and outlines a wide range of methods or procedures for preventing these pathogens. It describes the importance of supporting the immune system and the main pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae. Subsequently, the thesis points to various ways of prevention such as vaccination or genetic selection. The practical part of the thesis evaluates the results of the performance control over a period of two years (February 2016 – January 2018), together with the health status of dairy cows during their life, Also the results from a genetic laboratory are included and are describing the analysys of genotypes of selected mastitis genes (CD14 and CXCR1).
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Různé strategie terapie a prevence mastitid dojnic
Bednářová, Vladana
This theses verifies the efficiency of a preventive (antimastitis) plan for a specific farm and the efficiency of the therapeutic protocol used for dairy cows infected by Staphylococcus aureus during dry stand. The introduction of this theses sets of the overview of methods of prevention of the mastitis and its treatment including the influence at the mammary gland of high productivity dairy cows. In the practical part the comparison of milk samples from the year before the preventive plan came into an action and the year after the start of the preventive plan has been made. Further the efficiency of chosen therapy has been made. This theses compares milk components of individual dairy cows (fat, proteins, somatic cells count and lactose) during the period, when cows has been evidently infected by Staphylococcus aureus and during the period when there has been no evidence of Staphylococcus aureus pathogen. Using the mentioned comparison, there has been observed the affectability of milk components during the infection of mammary gland with Staphylococcus aureus. Then the milk components of treated cows has been compared to the milk components of healthy cows never infected by Staphylococcus aureus. This comparison has been made to decide if the yield of treated cows achieves the yield of healthy cows. Based on the evaluation of the examined data, the success rate of treatment was 88 %. The milk components affected by the pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus are mainly somatic cells and fat in milk. From pool samples and the comparison of meantioned milk performance indicators, it has been found that the preventive program has been successfully implemented and met expected results.
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Prevence a léčba mastitid dojnic
Kosourová, Gabriela
The aim of the bachelor thesis is the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. The first part deals with the anatomy of the mammary gland. The second part, milk production will be discussed. In the next part, the division of mastitis will be discussed and described. Each mastitis has different symptoms, course of infection, duration of treatment and mainly pathogen resistance to antibiotic treatment. In the final part will be discussed diagnostics, treatment and prevention. In prevention, I will focus on the correct procedure for milking, stable environment and dry-off.
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